高压管汇又称高压流体控制件的总汇。高压管汇在石油化工及天然气管道中被普遍使用。由于内部承受很高的冲击压力和交变荷载，厚度磨损较大。随着使用年限的增长，在高压管汇中产生疲劳断裂。在石油化工等生产中，管道、管汇担负着输送各种物料的任务，一旦发生事故就会导致危及装置的正常生产，甚可能引起火灾、中毒、爆炸等恶性事故，因此对高压管汇的破损预测和使用寿命评判的研究在工程界是极为关注的。本文将对此作以较为深入的研究，从强度分析入手，在此基础上对高压管汇进行一此性断裂分析、疲劳断裂寿命分析及裂纹扩展寿命分析，同时本文研究的原理和成果还可以推广到油田及石油化工等行业的油管、套管、钻杆、钻挺等材料和零件的破损预测分析。
High pressure manifold is also called high pressure fluid control parts. High pressure manifold is widely used in petrochemical and natural gas pipelines. Due to the high impact pressure and alternating load, the thickness wear is large. With the increase of service life, fatigue fracture occurs in high pressure manifold. In petrochemical production, pipelines and manifolds are responsible for conveying various materials. Once an accident occurs, it will endanger the normal production of the device, and even cause fire, poisoning, explosion and other malignant accidents. Therefore, the research on damage prediction and service life evaluation of high-pressure manifold is of great concern in the engineering field. This paper will make a more in-depth study, starting from the strength analysis, on this basis, the high-pressure manifold fracture analysis, fatigue fracture life analysis and crack propagation life analysis, at the same time, the principle and results of this paper can also be extended to the oil field and petrochemical industry and other industries, such as tubing, casing, drill pipe, drill stem and other materials and parts damage prediction analysis.
国内石油勘探局井下压裂公司目前使用的液氮泵车、压裂车、填砂车和酸化压裂车的高压管汇工作压力通常为40MPa以上，设计压力为100Mpa，根据《工业管道工程施工及验收规范》(GBJ235-82)的规定，按设计压力将工业管道从低到高分为四级，当管内压力p＞10Mpa时，即认为是高压管道，高压管汇是第四级。由于井下压裂公司的高压管汇使用周期较长，而且经常处于交变荷载的作用，管道厚度磨损较大，应力集中处易出现疲劳断裂裂纹，为确保生产并为高压管汇的正确使用提供科学依据，本文将高压管汇的研究成果在此具体应用，取得了令人满意的效果。
The working pressure of high-pressure manifold of liquid nitrogen pump truck, fracturing truck, sand filling truck and acid fracturing truck currently used by downhole fracturing company of domestic petroleum exploration bureau is more than 40MPa, and the design pressure is 100MPa. According to the code for construction and acceptance of industrial pipeline engineering (gbj235-82), the industrial pipeline is divided into four grades according to the design pressure from low to high. When the pressure in the pipe is more than 10MPa, it is recognized High pressure manifold is the fourth stage. Due to the long service life of high-pressure manifold in downhole fracturing company, and it is often under the action of alternating load, the thickness of the pipeline is worn greatly, and fatigue fracture cracks are easy to appear at the stress concentration. In order to ensure the safe production and provide scientific basis for the correct use of high-pressure manifold, the research results of high-pressure manifold are applied in this paper, and satisfactory results are achieved.
有限单元法的出现是数值分析方法在研究领域的重大突破。有限单元法的基本思想是将连续的求解区域离散为一组有限个，且按一定方式相互联结在一起的单元的组合体。由于单元能按不同的联结方式进行组合，且单元本身又可以有不同形状，因此可以模型化几何形状复杂的求解域。有限单元法作为数值分析方法的另一个重要特点是利用在每一个单元内假设的近似函数来分片地表示全求解域上待求的未知场函数。
The emergence of finite element method is a great breakthrough in the field of numerical analysis. The basic idea of the finite element method is to discretize the continuous solution domain into a group of finite elements which are connected with each other in a certain way. Since the elements can be combined according to different connection modes, and the element itself can have different shapes, the solution domain with complex geometry can be modeled. Another important feature of the finite element method as a numerical analysis method is to use the approximate function assumed in each element to represent the unknown field function in the whole solution domain.
单元内的近似函数通常由未知场函数或及其导数在单元的各个节点的数值和其插值函数来表达。这样一来，一个问题的有限元分析中，未知场函数或及其导数在单元的各个节点上的数值就成为新的未知量，从而使一个连续的无限自由度问题变成离散的有限自由度问题。一经解出这些未知量，就可以通过插值垂数计算出各个单元内场函数的近似值，从而得到整个求解域上的近似解，显然随着单元数目的增加，也即单元尺寸的缩小，或者单元自由度的增加及插值函数精度的提高，解的近似程度将不断改进。如果单元是满足收敛要求的，近似解将收敛于精确解。
The approximate functions in the element are usually expressed by the values of unknown field functions or their derivatives at each node of the element and their interpolation functions. In this way, in the finite element analysis of a problem, the values of the unknown field function or its derivatives at each node of the element become new unknowns, thus making a continuous infinite degree of freedom problem into a discrete finite degree of freedom problem. Once these unknowns are solved, the approximate value of each element's internal field function can be calculated by interpolating the vertical number, so as to obtain the approximate solution in the whole solution domain. Obviously, with the increase of the number of elements, that is, the reduction of the element size, or the increase of the element degree of freedom and the improvement of the accuracy of the interpolation function, the approximation degree of the solution will continue to improve. If the element is convergent, the approximate solution will converge to the exact solution.
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