1.调试状态与使用条件的不同
1. debug status and use conditions are different
油泵在试验台上是在常温下进行调试的，而装机使用则是在汽缸压缩终了、缸内温度达500～700℃、压力3～5MPa条件下使用，两者差别较大。机车作业时，油泵与喷油器的温度均达90℃左右，也会造成柴油粘度下降，因而柱塞与针阀偶件的内漏增多，回油量也比调试时多。据测定，油泵实际喷入缸内的油量只有试验台调试量的80%左右，虽然油泵调试人员会考虑这个因素，但不可能精确掌握。
The oil pump is debugged on the test bed at room temperature, and the installation is done under the condition of cylinder compression end, cylinder temperature up to 500~700 DEG C and pressure 3 ~ 5MPa, and the difference is great. When the locomotive works, the temperature of the oil pump and the injector is about 90 DEG C, and the viscosity of the diesel oil will also be reduced. Therefore, the leakage of the plunger and needle valve is increased, and the oil return is more than that of the debugging. It is determined that the actual oil injected into the cylinder is only about 80% of the debugging capacity of the test stand. Although the oil pump operator will consider this factor, it is impossible to master it accurately.

2.调试时存在的供油不均匀
2. when debugging, uneven oil supply exists
油泵在试验台调试时，要求各缸在额定转速下的供油量不均匀度应<3%。实际调试过程中，由于试验台专用的喷油器和高压油管长度、形状、口径等不可能与原机完全一致，再加上调试技术的差异，油泵装机后，实际喷入缸内的油量不均匀度往往>3%。
When the oil pump is debugged in the test stand, the required oil supply rate of each cylinder at the rated speed shall be <3%. The actual debugging process, due to the special injector test bench and high-pressure pipe length, shape, diameter and may not be completely consistent with the original engine, coupled with differences in debugging technology, the pump installed, the actual amount of oil injected into cylinder nonuniformity is often >3%.
3.机件故障引起的供油不均匀
3. uneven oil supply caused by mechanical fault
机车经长期使用，由于油泵驱动联轴节松旷或间隙过大，驱动齿轮磨损、侧隙增大，也会影响各缸供油均匀度。另外，高压油管接头因频繁振动或拧紧不够的渗漏，以及拧紧力过大使接头金属脱落并堵塞油管，同样会引起各缸供油量的不均匀。
After long-term use of the locomotive, due to the loose or too large clearance of the drive coupling of the oil pump, the abrasion of the gear and the increase of the backlash will also affect the uniformity of the oil supply of each cylinder. In addition, due to frequent vibration or tightening of the tight oil pipe leaks, as well as tightening the force, the ambassador joints metal fall off and plug the tubing, the same will cause uneven oil supply of each cylinder.
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